Condition

Presbycusis is the most common form of hearing loss and the gradual, usually symmetrical decline in hearing that accompanies agein...

Noise induced hearing loss is permanent sensorineural hearing loss caused by exposure to loud sound, either a single intense impul...

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a rapid loss of hearing, usually in one ear, that develops over hours to a few days. Common c...

Tinnitus is the perception of sound, such as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or humming, without an external source. It is common, affe...

Meniere disease is an inner ear disorder associated with endolymphatic hydrops, an excess of fluid in the endolymphatic spaces of ...

Otitis media is inflammation or infection of the middle ear, the air filled space behind the eardrum. Acute otitis media causes ea...

Otitis externa is inflammation of the external ear canal, most often due to bacterial infection, commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa o...

A cholesteatoma is an abnormal growth of skin cells, keratinizing squamous epithelium, in the middle ear and mastoid. It is not a ...

Otosclerosis is abnormal bone remodelling in the otic capsule, the dense bone surrounding the inner ear. Most often the new bone f...

Also called vestibular schwannoma, this benign tumor grows on the balance nerve where it exits the brainstem. Early signs are one ...

Earwax, or cerumen, is a mixture of secretions from glands in the outer ear canal and shed skin. It protects and lubricates the ca...

Ear barotrauma is injury caused by a difference in pressure between the middle ear and the surrounding environment. It occurs when...

The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the back of the nose. It normally stays closed and opens briefly during swallowing ...

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, BPPV, is the most common cause of vertigo. It produces brief episodes of intense spinning, u...

Vestibular neuritis is inflammation of the vestibular nerve, the balance portion of the eighth cranial nerve, and is thought in mo...

Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear, affecting both the vestibular organs and the cochlea. It resemble...

Cytomegalovirus, a common herpesvirus, can pass from mother to fetus during pregnancy, and congenital CMV is the leading non genet...

Waardenburg syndrome is a group of genetic conditions caused by variants in genes such as PAX3, MITF, SOX10, EDNRB, and EDN3, whic...

Usher syndrome is an inherited condition that combines sensorineural hearing loss with retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive degener...

Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition caused by variants in the SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin, a protein that...

In auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, ANSD, the outer hair cells of the cochlea respond normally to sound, so otoacoustic emis...

Hyperacusis is a reduced tolerance to everyday sounds, such that ordinary noises like clattering dishes, conversation, or traffic ...

Misophonia is a condition in which specific sounds, often chewing, lip smacking, breathing, sniffing, or repetitive tapping and cl...

Following hearing loss, one ear may perceive a given tone at a different pitch than the other, so a single note sounds dissonant o...

Superior canal dehiscence is a thinning or absence of the bone overlying the superior semicircular canal, creating a third mobile ...

Losing all useful hearing on one side, from sudden loss, acoustic neuroma, or Meniere, removes sound localization and speech under...

Ototoxicity is damage to the cochlea, the vestibular system, or the auditory nerve caused by medications or chemicals. Well known ...

Conductive hearing loss happens when sound cannot travel efficiently through the ear canal, eardrum, or the tiny middle ear bones ...

Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of permanent hearing loss. It results from damage to the hair cells of the coch...

Mixed hearing loss combines a sensorineural problem in the inner ear or nerve with a conductive problem in the outer or middle ear...

Auditory processing disorder, also called central auditory processing disorder, describes difficulty interpreting sound in the bra...

Alport syndrome is a genetic disorder of type IV collagen, a protein found in the basement membranes of the kidney, inner ear, and...

A perforated eardrum is a hole in the thin membrane that separates the ear canal from the middle ear. Common causes are middle ear...

Otitis media with effusion, widely known as glue ear, is a build up of fluid in the middle ear without the pain and fever of an ac...

Mastoiditis is an infection of the air cells of the mastoid bone, the honeycombed bone behind the ear that connects to the middle ...

In patulous Eustachian tube dysfunction the tube connecting the middle ear and the back of the nose stays open instead of remainin...

Tympanosclerosis is the formation of hardened, chalky white plaques of scar tissue in the eardrum or the middle ear. It typically ...

External auditory canal exostoses, commonly known as surfer ear, are the slow growth of benign bony lumps in the ear canal. It is ...

Microtia is a congenital condition in which the external ear, the pinna, is small or not fully formed, ranging from a slightly sma...

Cauliflower ear develops when a blow or repeated friction to the ear causes bleeding between the cartilage and its covering, known...

Pulsatile tinnitus is a rhythmic sound, often a whoosh or thump, that keeps time with the pulse. Unlike the more common steady rin...

Somatic or somatosensory tinnitus is tinnitus whose loudness or pitch can be changed by movements or pressure involving the jaw, h...

Vestibular migraine is a recognized form of migraine in which the main symptoms are attacks of vertigo or dizziness, lasting from ...

Persistent postural perceptual dizziness, PPPD, is a chronic functional vestibular disorder defined by the Barany Society in 2017....

Mal de debarquement syndrome is a persistent sensation of rocking, bobbing, or swaying that begins after passive motion such as a ...

Bilateral vestibulopathy is a reduction or loss of vestibular function on both sides. Without input from the inner ear balance org...

A perilymph fistula is an abnormal opening, usually in the oval or round window, that lets perilymph fluid leak from the inner ear...

Autoimmune inner ear disease is a rare condition in which the immune system is thought to damage the inner ear. It typically cause...

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct is one of the most common inner ear malformations found on imaging in children with sensorineural hea...

Ramsay Hunt syndrome, also called herpes zoster oticus, occurs when the varicella zoster virus, the virus responsible for chickenp...